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More than any event in the twentieth century, World War II marked the coming of age of America's West Coast cities. Almost overnight, new war industries prompted the mass urban migration and development that would trigger lasting social, cultural, and political changes. For the San Francisco Bay Area, argues Marilynn Johnson, the changes brought by World War II were as dramatic as those brought by the gold rush a century earlier.
Focusing on Oakland, Richmond, and other East Bay shipyard boomtowns, Johnson chronicles the defense buildup, labor migration from the South and Midwest, housing issues, and social and racial conflicts that pitted newcomers against longtime Bay Area residents. She follows this story into the postwar era, when struggles over employment, housing, and civil rights shaped the urban political landscape for the 1950s and beyond. She also traces the cultural legacy of war migration and shows how Southern religion and music became an integral part of Bay Area culture.
Johnson's sources are wide-ranging and include shipyard records, labor histories, police reports, and interviews. Her findings place the war's human drama at center stage and effectively recreate the texture of daily life in workplace, home, and community. Enriched by the photographs of Dorothea Lange and others, The Second Gold Rush makes an important contribution to twentieth-century urban studies as well as to California history.
- Sales Rank: #2032195 in Books
- Published on: 1994-02-08
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.25" h x 6.25" w x 1.25" l,
- Binding: Hardcover
- 328 pages
From the Inside Flap
"At last, a close-in account of California during its moment of rebirth, World War II. . . . A book that helps us to understand California's past and also its present."—James N. Gregory, author of American Exodus
From the Back Cover
"At last, a close-in account of California during its moment of rebirth, World War II. . . . A book that helps us to understand California's past and also its present." (James N. Gregory, author of American Exodus)
About the Author
Marilynn S. Johnson is Associate Professor of History at Boston College.
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
WWII Formed the White Black Divide for the East Bay
By Randall L. Wilson
Marilynn Johnson does an excellent job demonstrating how the East Bay's rapid expansion during WW2 established the urban racial divide that is still with us today. First it did this by bringing into the East Bay a large influx of African Americans escaping the Jim Crow realities of the American South. California and the East Bay didn't have Jim Crow mostly because there weren't enough African Americans to warrant it. Also, those that were established in the area knew the unwritten rules of race relations; where they could go and how they had to behave.
Not all the immigrants who came to the East Bay during the war years to build ships were African American. There were also a large contingent of whites from Oklahoma, Arkansas and Texas as well as elsewhere. While the East Bay had plenty of jobs, they didn't have enough housing and culturally the East Bay wasn't terribly welcoming to the new workers. The media propagated a phony crime scare and the police cracked down with raids and curfews aimed at keeping the new arrivals in line.
But the real crime was after the war when African American migrant were stuck in temporary wartime housing and provided no public alternatives and were then forced into slums. The suburbs were off limits as is suggested by the story of the Garys, an African American family that bought a house in a white section of San Pablo. On moving day in 1952 they were greeted by 150 of their white neighbors jeering, calling them names, burning a cross on the lawn and throwing a brick through their window. While the Gary's courageously remained in their home, few African Americans followed their lead and who can blame them.
This is an academic treatise and yet it is readable. Ms. Johnson sticks closely to the facts which makes her book highly credible but she doesn't use her research for deep insight or to take a risk on a theory or observation. Robert Self's history of Postwar Oakland covers similar ground and is much more insightful.
9 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Informative chronicle of East Bay life during WWII
By A Customer
Anyone interested in the history of the east side of the San Francisco Bay during the 20th century will enjoy this book. Johnson employs a social historian's approach to explain what happened to the Richmond and Oakland from 1941 to 1945 and how the war years affected the Midwesterners and Southerners (and others) that came to the Bay Area and the natives that they encountered. The book successfully portrays aspects of Bay Area history such as huge shipyards, temporary war housing and rowdy downtown night-life that, for the most part, are no longer visible. Johnson also outlines some of the political movements that developed during the WWII years and how they affected post-war Oakland and Richmond. Johnson's discussion of the politics of the late `40s and early `50s is informative and interesting but also brief; this may somewhat frustrate anyone interested in the political history of the region. Overall, this is an informative, well-written book.
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
The formation of the East Bay societies
By E. Clarke
I did a very quick read of this book but still found it to be quite informative. It provided a good base of knowledge of how the migration of people from around the US integrated into the East Bay region. Being a Bay Area resident I found that many of the socio-economic issues that are being dealt with today were created in part as a result of government housing policies and the rapid development of industrial areas without consideration of long term problems. There are more than enough statistics to make your head spin and a few sections that get a bit bland, but overall an enjoyable read on that period of history.
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